Improving Galvanizing Bath Hardware

Suspended dross particles in galvanizing bath can interact with moving rolls that guide the strip and eventually accumulate on it. They can cause the roll to function improperly and reduce the surface quality of galvanized steel sheet. In this research, a turbulent flow simulation of a continuous sheet galvanizing bath is carried out using the computational fluid mechanics in Ansys FLUENT to determine the flow profile inside a galvanizing bath. Multiphase flow modeling has been performed to understand the particle-surface interactions by coupling the particulate models for solid phase with computational fluid dynamics for fluid phase. A strong fluid flow along the roll axis, which captures a significant number of dross particles, was found in the 3D bath simulation. It was observed that surface region in which particles agglomerate on the roll reported by the industry is the same as where particles collisions with the roll were observed in the simulation

Robust Multi-Objective Sustainable Reverse Supply Chain Planning: An Application in the Steel Industry

In the design of the supply chain, the use of the returned products and their recycling in the production and consumption network is called reverse logistics. The proposed model aims to optimize the flow of materials in the supply chain network (SCN), and determine the amount and location of facilities and the planning of transportation in conditions of demand uncertainty. Thus, maximizing the total profit of operation, minimizing adverse environmental effects, and maximizing customer and supplier service levels have been considered as the main objectives. Accordingly, finding symmetry (balance) among the profit of operation, the environmental effects and customer and supplier service levels is considered in this research. To deal with the uncertainty of the model, scenario-based robust planning is employed alongside a meta-heuristic algorithm (NSGA-II) to solve the model with actual data from a case study of the steel industry in Iran. The results obtained from the model, solving and validating, compared with actual data indicated that the model could optimize the objectives seamlessly and determine the amount and location of the necessary facilities for the steel industry more appropriately.This article belongs to the Special Issue Uncertain Multi-Criteria Optimization Problem

(E)-1-(3-Eth­oxy-2-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)thio­semicarbazide

The title compound, C10H13N3O2S, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the A and B mol­ecules are linked via pairs of N—H⋯O and O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with R 2 2(14) and R 2 2(6) ring motifs. These dimers are linked via a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2(8) ring motif, forming chains propagating along the c-axis direction. The crystal was refined as an inversion twin with a final BASF ratio of 0.54 (11):0.46 (11)

(E)-1-(2-Hy­droxy-5-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)thio­semicarbazide

In the title mol­ecule, C9H11N3O2S, an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via pairs of N—H⋯S inter­actions, forming inversion dimers with R 2 2(8) ring motifs. These dimers are further linked via N—H⋯S and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100). The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7972 (9) Å]

4-Bromo-2-[(E)-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

In the title compound, C13H9BrFNO, the dihedral angle between the substituted benzene rings is 9.00 (11)°. Strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs

Estimating longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams using empirical models and machine learning algorithms

The longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) plays an important role in modeling the transport of pollutants and sediment in natural rivers. As a result of transportation processes, the concentration of pollutants changes along the river. Various studies have been conducted to provide simple equations for estimating LDC. In this study, machine learning methods, namely support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, M5 model tree (M5P) and random forest, and multiple linear regression were examined in predicting the LDC in natural streams. Data sets from 60 rivers around the world with different hydraulic and geometric features were gathered to develop models for LDC estimation. Statistical criteria, including correlation coefficient (CC), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to scrutinize the models. The LDC values estimated by these models were compared with the corresponding results of common empirical models. The Taylor chart was used to evaluate the models and the results showed that among the machine learning models, M5P had superior performance, with CC of 0.823, RMSE of 454.9 and MAE of 380.9. The model of Sahay and Dutta, with CC of 0.795, RMSE of 460.7 and MAE of 306.1, gave more precise results than the other empirical models. The main advantage of M5P models is their ability to provide practical formulae. In conclusion, the results proved that the developed M5P model with simple formulations was superior to other machine learning models and empirical models; therefore, it can be used as a proper tool for estimating the LDC in rivers

4-Bromo-2-[(E)-(4-chloro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

In the title compound, C13H9BrClNO, the dihedral angle between the substituted benzene rings is 43.90 (11)°. Strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. The crystal structure features short intemolecular Br⋯Br [3.554 (2) Å] and Cl⋯Cl [3.412 (2) Å] contacts. The crystal packing is further stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

A tale of two symmetrical tails: Structural and functional characteristics of palindromes in proteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been previously shown that palindromic sequences are frequently observed in proteins. However, our knowledge about their evolutionary origin and their possible importance is incomplete.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this work, we tried to revisit this relatively neglected phenomenon. Several questions are addressed in this work. (1) It is known that there is a large chance of finding a palindrome in low complexity sequences (i.e. sequences with extreme amino acid usage bias). What is the role of sequence complexity in the evolution of palindromic sequences in proteins? (2) Do palindromes coincide with conserved protein sequences? If yes, what are the functions of these conserved segments? (3) In case of conserved palindromes, is it always the case that the whole conserved pattern is also symmetrical? (4) Do palindromic protein sequences form regular secondary structures? (5) Does sequence similarity of the two "sides" of a palindrome imply structural similarity? For the first question, we showed that the complexity of palindromic peptides is significantly lower than randomly generated palindromes. Therefore, one can say that palindromes occur frequently in low complexity protein segments, without necessarily having a defined function or forming a special structure. Nevertheless, this does not rule out the possibility of finding palindromes which play some roles in protein structure and function. In fact, we found several palindromes that overlap with conserved protein Blocks of different functions. However, in many cases we failed to find any symmetry in the conserved regions of corresponding Blocks. Furthermore, to answer the last two questions, the structural characteristics of palindromes were studied. It is shown that palindromes may have a great propensity to form α-helical structures. Finally, we demonstrated that the two sides of a palindrome generally do not show significant structural similarities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that the puzzling abundance of palindromic sequences in proteins is mainly due to their frequent concurrence with low-complexity protein regions, rather than a global role in the protein function. In addition, palindromic sequences show a relatively high tendency to form helices, which might play an important role in the evolution of proteins that contain palindromes. Moreover, reverse similarity in peptides does not necessarily imply significant structural similarity. This observation rules out the importance of palindromes for forming symmetrical structures. Although palindromes frequently overlap with conserved Blocks, we suggest that palindromes overlap with Blocks only by coincidence, rather than being involved with a certain structural fold or protein domain.</p

Epidemiološki pokazatelji i sprečavanje trauma s posljedicom amputacije prsta: studija bolničkih podataka

Traumatic finger amputation is a widespread preventable public health problem. This study aimed to define the epidemiology of finger amputations to identify important related factors in order to suggest pertinent prevention strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 at the main orthopedic referral university hospital of Shiraz. All patients with any type of traumatic finger amputation were included. For each patient a questionnaire including demographic and injury characteristics was filled and analyzed. One hundred patients (92 men and 8 women, mean age: 32.5 ± 18 years) were enrolled. The vast majority of subjects were young men, more than half (53 cases) sustained occupation-related injuries during working time. Finger amputation following severe jammed finger in door was the second most frequent damage (18 %). Approximately 59% of victims labeled inattention during work as the reason of injury. Finger amputations in right hand were equal in frequency to the left one. Amputation of the index and middle fingers were seen as the most common amputated fingers in hands, 27% and 26% respectively. It was found that young beginner worker man with low educational level is at the highest risk of traumatic finger amputation especially with positive history of drug abusing. So, effective interventions such as closer supervision, more training programs, detection of drug addiction, and using safe engineering machines are urgently needed.Amputacija prsta čest je javnozdravstveni problem koji je moguće spriječiti. Studija definira epidemiologiju amputacije prsta kako bi se utvrdili najvažniji čimbenici i predložila strategija prevencije. Studija je provedena 2015. u glavnoj sveučilišnoj ortopedskoj bolnici u Shirazu. U studiju su bili uključeni svi bolesnici s bilo kojom vrstom amputacije prsta. Za svakog bolesnika je popunjen i analiziran upitnik s demografskim podacima i tipom ozljede. Sudjelovalo je 100 bolesnika (92 muškarca i 9 žena, prosječne dobi 32.5 ± 18 godina). Najveći broj bolesnika bili su mlađi muškarci. Više od polovice (53 slučaja) pretrpjeli su ozljede na radu u vezi s radom. Amputacija prsta zbog nagnječenja u vratima bila je drugi najčešći uzrok amputacije (18 %). Približno 59 % ozlijeđenih navelo je nepažnju pri radu kao uzrok nezgode. Amputacije prsta desne ruke bile su brojčano jednake amputacijama na lijevoj ruci. Najviše je bilo amputacija kažiprsta (27 %) i srednjeg prsta (2 %). Utvrđeno je da su mlađi, slabije obrazovani muškarci te početnici na poslu podložni najvećem riziku od amputacije prstiju, naročito ako imaju povijest zlouporabe droga. Hitno je potrebno provesti sljedeće učinkovite mjere: veći nadzor, više programa osposobljavanja, otkrivanje ovisnosti o drogama i korištenje sigurnijih strojeva